Civil Disobedience [🏛️公版经典 B2]
📖 阅读导读
《论公民不服从》是梭罗的政论散文名篇。梭罗主张：政府不应过度干预个人；当法律违背良知正义时，公民有拒绝服从的道义权利。
文章反对盲从不合理制度，强调人的良知高于成文法条。文字说理尖锐有力，大量使用设问、对比句式，是B2学习思辨议论文的绝佳材料。本文为教学精读节选。
🇬🇧 英文原文
That government is best which governs least; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe: “That government is best which governs not at all.” Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient. The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government. The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it. Men generally, under such a government as this, think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them. They think that, if they should resist, the remedy would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the government itself that the remedy is worse than the evil. It makes it worse. If the law is of such a nature that it requires you to be an agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law. Let your life be a counter‑friction to stop the machine. What I have to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to the wrong which I condemn.
🇨🇳 中文译文（本站自译）
管得最少的政府，才是最好的政府。我希望看到这条准则能够更迅速、更系统地付诸实践。若贯彻到底，最终可以归结为我同样信奉的一句话：“完全不管辖的政府才是最好的政府。”
政府说到底不过是一种权宜之计。但大多数政府往往并不合宜，所有政府有时也会失当。人们针对常备军提出过许多分量十足的反对理由，而这些理由，最终同样可以用来针对常设政府。
政府本身，仅仅是民众选择用来执行自身意志的工具。可在民众能够真正借它行事之前，它同样容易遭到滥用与扭曲。
在这样的制度之下，大多数人认为应当耐心等待，直到说服多数人去修改恶法。他们觉得，如果自己挺身反抗，补救手段会比罪恶本身更糟。然而，补救手段之所以变得比罪恶更糟，恰恰是政府自身的过错，是政府把局面推向恶化。
倘若一条法律的本质，逼迫你去充当加害他人的帮凶，那么我说，就打破这条法律。让你的生命成为一股阻力，去阻止这台机器运转。无论如何，我必须做到：绝不投身于我所谴责的不义之事。
📚 重点词汇
expedient /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/ n. 权宜之计
inexpedient /ˌɪnɪkˈspiːdiənt/ adj. 不妥当的，不合宜的
weighty /ˈweɪti/ adj. 有分量的，重大的
prevail /prɪˈveɪl/ v. 占据上风，得胜
standing army 常备军
pervert /pəˈvɜːt/ v. 扭曲，滥用
remedy /ˈremədi/ n. 补救手段，对策
agent /ˈeɪdʒənt/ n. 执行者，代理人
counter‑friction n. 反向阻力，制衡力量
condemn /kənˈdem/ v. 谴责，批判
lend oneself to 投身于，参与（坏事）
🔍 长难句语法解析
1. That government is best which governs least.
定语从句分隔句式，which governs least修饰主语That government；修辞倒装，把表语best提前增强气势。
2. Government is at best but an expedient.
at best 充其量、说到底；but此处副词，“只不过”。
3. The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, deserve to prevail…
which定语从句修饰objections；and插入分句补充说明；deserve to do “理应……”。
4. …which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will…
多层定语从句；the mode后面省略that，the people have chosen修饰mode。
5. Men generally, under such a government as this, think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them.
until引导时间状语从句；alter them，them指代前面不合理的法律制度。
6. What I have to do is to see, at any rate, that I do not lend myself to the wrong which I condemn.
What引导主语从句；is后面不定式作表语；that引导宾语从句；which定语从句修饰the wrong。